Advanced prostate cancer, or metastatic prostate cancer, occurs when cancer cells have spread from the prostate gland to other parts of the body. While prostate cancer often starts as localized, confined to the prostate gland, it becomes classified as advanced or metastatic when it spreads via the bloodstream or lymphatic system to other areas.

Treating prostate cancer is a complex and multifaceted process. At Golden Gate Urology, our expert team is committed to staying abreast of the latest treatments and recommendations to provide the highest quality care. Beyond addressing the cancer itself, we focus on the holistic well-being of each patient, managing the physical, nutritional, and emotional challenges that can accompany intensive cancer treatment.

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Causes

Advanced prostate cancer typically arises when prostate cancer cells grow and spread beyond the prostate gland, a walnut-sized organ in the male reproductive system. This progression can be influenced by several factors, including genetic mutations, hormonal changes, and the failure of initial treatments such as surgery or radiation therapy. As the cancer becomes more aggressive, it can invade surrounding tissues and spread to distant areas, such as bones or lymph nodes, through metastasis. Testosterone, the male hormone, often fuels advanced prostate cancer, making hormone management a key component of treatment. Other therapies, including chemotherapy and targeted drugs, are also commonly used. Early detection and prompt intervention are crucial for effectively managing prostate cancer and preventing its advancement.

Stages of Advanced Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is typically categorized into four stages, with stages III and IV representing more advanced disease:

  • Early Stage | Stages I & II: The cancer is confined to the prostate gland and has not spread beyond it.
  • Locally Advanced | Stage III: The cancer has spread outside the prostate but remains in nearby tissues.
  • Advanced | Stage IV: The cancer has spread to distant parts of the body, such as the lymph nodes, bones, liver, or lungs.

Diagnosis

Advanced prostate cancer is diagnosed through various methods, including digital rectal exams, blood tests to measure prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, and imaging studies such as MRI, CT scans, or bone scans to assess cancer spread. A biopsy is often conducted to confirm the presence of cancer and evaluate its aggressiveness. In some cases, advanced prostate cancer may be identified through symptoms or complications related to cancer growth, such as urinary problems or bone pain.

Treatment

Once diagnosed, the cancer’s stage and extent guide the treatment approach, which may include:

  • Surgery
  • Radiation Therapy
  • Hormone Therapy
  • Chemotherapy
  • Immunotherapy

Treatment plans are tailored to the individual patient’s needs. Regular monitoring and follow-up tests are essential to track the progression of advanced prostate cancer and adjust treatment strategies as needed.