Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) are defined as having two or more infections within six months or three or more within a year. UTIs occur when bacteria enter the urinary tract, causing symptoms like burning during urination, frequent urges to urinate, and pelvic discomfort.

While UTIs are common in women, some experience recurrent infections that interfere with daily life and require ongoing management. Risk factors include sexual activity, certain contraceptives, menopause, and anatomical differences.

At Golden Gate Urology, we are committed to helping you identify the cause of recurrent UTIs and develop a treatment plan to prevent future infections. If you struggle with frequent UTIs, talk to your doctor about your options.

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Causes

Recurrent UTIs happen when bacteria repeatedly infect the bladder or urinary tract, sometimes due to persistent risk factors or incomplete eradication of bacteria from a prior infection.
Common causes and contributing factors include:

  • Frequent sexual activity
  • Use of diaphragms or spermicides
  • Postmenopausal changes that thin and dry vaginal tissues
  • Anatomical factors such as a shorter urethra in women
  • Urinary retention or incomplete bladder emptying
  • Chronic constipation
  • Diabetes, which can impair immune function

Recurrent UTIs can also sometimes signal an underlying condition that needs to be addressed, such as kidney stones, structural abnormalities, or immune system disorders.

Diagnosis

If you experience recurrent UTIs, your doctor will take a detailed medical history and may perform:

  • Urinalysis and urine culture to identify bacteria
  • Pelvic exam to evaluate for signs of atrophy or other contributing factors
  • Imaging studies, such as ultrasound or CT scan, to check for kidney or bladder abnormalities
  • Cystoscopy (in some cases) to look directly at the bladder lining

These steps help rule out other conditions and guide treatment decisions.

Treatment

Treatment for recurrent UTIs typically focuses on both treating the current infection and preventing future episodes.
Options include:

  • Antibiotics: A short course for acute infections and, in some cases, a low-dose preventive antibiotic plan.
  • Vaginal estrogen therapy: For postmenopausal women, estrogen cream can help restore healthy vaginal tissue and reduce infections.
  • Behavioral changes: Drinking plenty of fluids, urinating after intercourse, and avoiding irritating feminine products.
  • Probiotics or cranberry supplements: May offer some benefit for prevention in certain individuals.

Your doctor will work with you to choose the most appropriate strategy based on your health and risk factors.

FAQs

What are the symptoms of a UTI?

Common symptoms include burning during urination, frequent urges to urinate, cloudy or strong-smelling urine, and pelvic discomfort.

Why do I keep getting UTIs?

Recurrent UTIs can happen due to risk factors like sexual activity, hormonal changes, bladder issues, or underlying medical conditions.

How are recurrent UTIs diagnosed?

Your doctor may order urine tests, imaging, or a cystoscopy to check for underlying causes and guide treatment.

Can I prevent recurrent UTIs without antibiotics?

Yes — lifestyle changes, vaginal estrogen (if postmenopausal), and sometimes probiotics or cranberry supplements may help reduce the risk.

When should I see a doctor about UTIs?

If you have two or more UTIs in six months or three or more in a year, it’s important to see your doctor for evaluation and prevention options.